Investigation & evaluation of claims involving Retaining Walls

Designs such as gravity, piling, cantilever and anchored walls are explained, along with features of wall construction such as weep holes. Possible causes of collapse are outlined and the importance of establishing proximate cause is highlighted. Definitions of landslip, storm, flood and damage are explored, with reference to relevant case law and FOS decisions. The paper also includes comment on responsibilities for retaining walls and repair considerations.